Heat exhaustion or heatstroke

Heat exhaustion and heatstroke are serious heat-related conditions that can affect anyone, especially during the warmer months in the UK. Understanding their causes, symptoms, and appropriate actions is crucial for prevention and effective response.

☀️ Heat Exhaustion

Causes

Heat exhaustionHeat exhaustion occurs when the body loses excessive water and salt, typically through sweating, leading to a drop in blood volume and pressure. Common causes include:

  • Prolonged exposure to high temperatures, especially in humid conditions
  • Strenuous physical activity in hot environments
  • Inadequate fluid intake
  • Wearing heavy or non-breathable clothing
  • Alcohol consumption, which can lead to dehydration

Symptoms

Recognizing the signs of heat exhaustion is vital. Symptoms may develop gradually and include:

  • Headache
  • Dizziness and confusion
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Excessive sweating with cool, clammy skin
  • Muscle cramps
  • Rapid heartbeat and breathing
  • Pale complexion
  • Weakness or fatigue

Actions to Take

If someone shows signs of heat exhaustion:

  1. Move to a cooler place: Find shade or an air-conditioned environment.
  2. Lie them down: Preferably with legs elevated to improve blood flow.
  3. Hydrate: Provide water or an isotonic drink to replenish fluids and salts.
  4. Cool the body: Use cool, damp cloths, or a fan to lower body temperature.
  5. Monitor: Keep an eye on their condition. If symptoms persist beyond 30 minutes, seek medical attention.

🌡️ Heatstroke

Causes

Heatstroke is a severe condition resulting from the body’s inability to regulate its temperature, leading to a rapid rise in core temperature. Causes include:

  • Untreated heat exhaustion
  • High-intensity exercise in hot weather
  • Prolonged exposure to high temperatures
  • Dehydration
  • Certain medications that affect the body’s ability to stay hydrated and respond to heat

Symptoms

Heatstroke symptoms are more severe and can develop quickly:

  • Body temperature above 40°C (104°F)
  • Hot, dry skin (lack of sweating)
  • Confusion, agitation, or disorientation
  • Seizures
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Rapid, shallow breathing
  • Strong, rapid pulse

Actions to Take

Heatstroke is a medical emergency. Immediate steps include:

  1. Call emergency services: Dial 999 immediately.
  2. Move to a cooler area: Preferably indoors or in the shade.
  3. Cool the person down:
    • Remove excess clothing.
    • Apply cool water to the skin or use cool, wet cloths.
    • Fan the person to promote cooling.
  4. Monitor vital signs: Be prepared to perform CPR if necessary.

🎯 Prevention Tips

  • Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids, especially during hot weather or when exercising.
  • Dress appropriately: Wear lightweight, loose-fitting, and light-colored clothing.
  • Avoid peak heat: Limit outdoor activities during the hottest parts of the day (11 am to 3 pm).
  • Use sun protection: Apply sunscreen and wear hats and sunglasses.
  • Acclimate gradually: Allow your body to adjust to hot conditions over time.
  • Check on vulnerable individuals: Ensure that children, the elderly, and those with health conditions are staying cool and hydrated.

For more detailed information and guidance, consult reputable sources such as the NHS, St John Ambulance, and the British Red Cross.

Understanding and recognizing the signs of heat-related illnesses can save lives. Stay informed and prepared, especially during periods of high temperatures.